Sofiya Valcheva

Soviet Nonconformist Art emerged as a defiance against the constraints of Socialist Realism, the state-mandated style of the Soviet Union. This underground movement gave artists the freedom to explore themes of individuality, abstraction, and social critique, breaking away from the rigid control of official art.

The International Typographic Style, also known as the Swiss Style, revolutionized graphic design by emphasizing clarity, precision, and objectivity. Its minimalist approach and grid-based layouts became the foundation for modern visual communication.

Emerging in post-World War II Vienna, the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism fused traditional techniques with surreal, dreamlike imagery. Inspired by Old Master precision, the movement explored mystical, psychological, and existential themes, blending the real with the fantastical.