Sofiya Valcheva

New Objectivity arose in post-World War I Germany, countering Expressionism's emotionalism and the chaos of war. This movement embraced detached realism to expose societal, political, and economic struggles of the Weimar Republic, critiquing urban life, poverty, and corruption with satire and documentary precision.

Realism emerged in the mid-19th century as a reaction to the romanticized, dramatic themes of Romanticism. Realist artists sought to portray life with uncompromising truth, focusing on ordinary people and everyday scenes rather than idealized heroes or mythical figures.

Excessivism critiques modern consumerism and materialism through bold, extravagant use of form, color, and materials. Artists highlight the chaotic excesses of capitalism, exposing imbalance while blending wealth, art, and critique, embracing aesthetic maximalism in their works.

Digital art, emerging in the 1960s with computers, uses technology as a core element in creation and display. Encompassing 3D modeling, animation, interactive installations, and generative art, it redefines creativity, challenges traditional norms, and fosters innovation and interactivity.

Street art is an urban art movement that emerged in the 1970s, characterized by its bold and expressive works in public spaces. From murals and graffiti to stencils and installations, street art transforms cityscapes into vibrant canvases that challenge authority, celebrate diversity, and communicate powerful messages.

Maximalism, a reaction against minimalism, celebrates abundance, complexity, and diversity in art and design. Embracing bold colors, patterns, and eclectic compositions, it rejects "less is more," valuing excess and ornate detail to create visually striking, densely layered works.

Deconstructivism is an avant-garde architectural movement of the late 20th century, defined by fragmentation, asymmetry, and non-linear forms. Influenced by deconstructionist philosophy, it rejects harmony and order, embracing chaos and complexity to create visually dynamic, irregular, and provocative structures.

Photorealism is a genre where artists precisely replicate photographs using traditional mediums like painting and drawing, creating works indistinguishable from photos. Emerging in the late 1960s, it reflects advancements in photography and explores hyper-detailed realism in everyday life.

Junk Art transforms discarded materials into creative works of art, critiquing consumer culture and celebrating sustainability. Emerging in the 1950s, it redefined art by repurposing waste to reflect environmental concerns and societal values, bridging creativity with activism.

Performance Art is a groundbreaking movement that uses the human body, time, and space as its primary mediums. Emerging in the mid-20th century, it combines elements of theater, visual art, and activism to create live, ephemeral experiences that challenge traditional notions of art and engage audiences directly.

Video Art emerged as a revolutionary medium in the late 1960s, blending technology and creativity to redefine the boundaries of artistic expression. By utilizing video technology, artists explored new ways of addressing identity, culture, and social critique.

Graffiti Art arose in 1960s New York, intertwining rebellion and creativity. Initially dismissed as vandalism, it transformed into a global art form, using bold designs, vivid colors, and dynamic typography to reimagine urban spaces, challenge norms, and bridge the gap between street culture and contemporary art.

Psychedelic Art emerged in the mid-20th century during countercultural movements, reflecting the surreal and vibrant experiences tied to psychedelic substances. Known for intricate patterns, bold colors, and dreamlike imagery, it captures the essence of expanded consciousness and altered perception.

Pop Art, emerging in the mid-1950s, became one of the most defining art movements of the 20th century. It sought to blur the boundaries between high art and popular culture by incorporating imagery from advertising, comic books, and consumer goods, challenging traditional notions of art.

Surrealism, born in the 1920s, is an avant-garde movement in art and literature focused on exploring the subconscious and the irrational. Rooted in the ideas of Sigmund Freud and the radical political and social climate of the early 20th century, Surrealism aimed to bypass conventional logic and realism.

Constructivism is an artistic and architectural movement that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century, emphasizing abstract, geometric forms and functionalism. Originating as a response to the political and social changes following the Russian Revolution of 1917

Bauhaus, a revolutionary art and design movement from 1919 to 1933, emphasized functionality, simplicity, and the unification of art, craft, and technology. Originating in Germany, it had a profound impact on modern architecture and design, promoting minimalism and industrial aesthetics.

De Stijl, also known as Neoplasticism, was an artistic movement founded in the Netherlands in 1917 that aimed to achieve universal harmony and order in art, design, and architecture. De Stijl’s minimalist approach had a profound impact on modern art and design.

Dada was an avant-garde movement that emerged in Zurich, Switzerland, during World War I, as a response to the destruction and absurdity of the war. Dada rejected traditional art forms, logic, and rationality, embracing absurdity, chance, and chaos instead.

Futurism was a bold and radical art movement that emerged in early 20th-century Italy, celebrating speed, technology, and modernity while rejecting traditional forms and values. The movement sought to break away from the past and embrace a dynamic, future-oriented vision.

Art Deco is an elegant and modern art movement that emerged in the 1920s, blending elements of traditional craftsmanship with luxurious materials and contemporary aesthetics. Characterized by geometric forms, rich colors, and sleek lines, Art Deco celebrated modernity, glamour, and technological progress.

Cubism is a revolutionary art movement founded in the early 20th century that introduced a fragmented, multi-perspective approach to representation. Cubism broke away from traditional perspectives, creating compositions that displayed multiple viewpoints of a subject within a single image.

Expressionism was an avant-garde movement that emphasized emotional experience over realism, using distorted forms, exaggerated colors, and bold lines to convey psychological and emotional states. Expressionism sought to challenge the conventional representation

Art Nouveau, flourishing from the 1890s to the 1910s, was a decorative and architectural movement that sought to break away from historical styles, embracing organic forms, flowing lines, and natural motifs. The movement aimed to integrate art into daily life.

The Arts and Crafts movement was an international design movement that began in Britain and celebrated craftsmanship, simple forms, and high-quality materials. It arose as a reaction against industrialization and the mass production of goods, emphasizing the value of handmade objects.