Sofiya Valcheva

The Russian Avant-Garde fused innovation and ideology, spanning painting, design, and architecture. Known for its bold abstraction and integration of technology, it redefined art’s role in shaping society, influencing global modernism despite its suppression under Stalinist policies.

Tonalism emerged in the late 19th century as a movement emphasizing subtle gradations of color, soft edges, and a limited palette to create atmospheric landscapes imbued with mood and emotion. Influenced by French Barbizon painters and Japanese aesthetics, Tonalists sought to capture nature’s ephemeral qualities, using light and shadow to evoke a dreamlike serenity.

Post-Impressionism emphasized artistic individuality, blending bold experimentation with structure, emotion, and symbolism. The movement introduced techniques like Pointillism and expressive brushwork, paving the way for modern art movements such as Cubism and Expressionism.