Sofiya Valcheva

New Objectivity arose in post-World War I Germany, countering Expressionism's emotionalism and the chaos of war. This movement embraced detached realism to expose societal, political, and economic struggles of the Weimar Republic, critiquing urban life, poverty, and corruption with satire and documentary precision.

Realism emerged in the mid-19th century as a reaction to the romanticized, dramatic themes of Romanticism. Realist artists sought to portray life with uncompromising truth, focusing on ordinary people and everyday scenes rather than idealized heroes or mythical figures.

Excessivism critiques modern consumerism and materialism through bold, extravagant use of form, color, and materials. Artists highlight the chaotic excesses of capitalism, exposing imbalance while blending wealth, art, and critique, embracing aesthetic maximalism in their works.