Visual arts

Byzantine art emerged as a distinctive style rooted in the Eastern Roman Empire, blending classical traditions with Christian themes. Known for its richly symbolic mosaics, iconography, and monumental architecture, it conveyed spiritual narratives through a unique fusion of realism and abstraction.

Gothic art is characterized by its emphasis on verticality, intricate detailing, and spiritual transcendence. Originating in France during the 12th century, it evolved as a dynamic and expressive style that transformed European architecture, sculpture, and stained glass into profound reflections of faith and creativity.

Neoclassicism is a revival of classical art and culture inspired by the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome. Known for its emphasis on simplicity, symmetry, and moral themes, the movement emerged in the mid-18th century as a reaction against the ornate Rococo style and the frivolity it represented.